We invite those who want to be reviewers in our journal, Journey (Journal of English Language and Pedagogy). Journey is a journal developed by English Department of IKIP Budi Utomo Malang Indonesia focusing on receiving the creative and intellectual products of lecturers, researchers, and practitioners on the field of English Language Teaching, Linguistics, and Literature. It is expected that this journal will be able to facilitate everyone concerning on publishing their research on the development...
Phonological Processes
Phonological processes simply defines as The "defectiveness" of language sounds patterns due to the influence of some factors. Although the phonological systems of different languages are governed by different rules, the variation which occurs does, for the most part, fall within certain parameters. Similar phonological processes turn up, in language after language.
a. Assimilation
This term refers to the process of sound change where one sound is influenced or modified by other...
Kinds of Code Switching
Crystal (1987) suggests that code switching occurs when individual who is bilingualism alternates between two languages during his/her speech with another bilingual person.
There are kinds of code switching as suggested by some sociolinguists:
Blom and Gumperz (1972):
Situational Code Switching
It occurs when the language change according to the situational in which the conversations find themselves; It can be found in the use of speech level in languages which have speeches levels....
Negative Politeness Strategies (Brown and Levinson)
Another kind of politeness strategies is negative politeness. This strategy used when S wants to show that he cares and respect H’s Negative Face. If S did or will do an FTA, he will minimize the threat by using apology, deference, hedges and other strategies. Negative Politeness strategies consist in assurances that the speaker recognizes and respects the addressee’s negative-Face wants and will not (or will only minimally) interfere with the addressee Freedom of Action.
This strategy assumes...
Concept of Face and FTA (Face Threatening Acts)
Face
Based on Brown and Levinson (1987: 61) “Face is derived from the notion of Goffman and English people which is related to the idea of being embarrassed or humiliated, or ‘loosing Face’.” Since Face is something that is emotionally invested, can be lost, maintained, or enhanced, a person has to pay attention to his interlocutor’s Face. In other words, the speaker and the hearer must cooperate in maintaining each other’s Face in interaction. The action of maintaining each other’s Face called...
